<p>The Old Perry Post Office is a historic site in Perry, Florida, located at 201 East Green Street. On May 11, 1989, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1935. It is a one-story-with-mezzanine structure which is vernacular in style but with modest elements of Mediterranean Revival.</p><br>
<p>The building included a publicly-funded mural installed in 1938. The mural is a panel painted by George Snow Hill (1898-1969) which is titled "Cypress Logging", depicting the lumber industry of the area. (See #14 in accompanying photos.) The panel was moved to a new site, the new Perry Post Office, in 1987. A photographic reproduction of the mural was to be posted in the Old Perry Post Office, as of the NRHP listing.</p><br>
<p>The Sopchoppy School  is a historic site in Sopchoppy, Florida, located at 164 Yellow Jacket Avenue. On October 12, 2001, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Old Sopchoppy High School Marker, Sopchoppy, Fl.</h3><br>
<p>The text on the marker reads as:</p><br>
<p>" Constructed in 1924 and accredited in 1928, this was the first high school built in Wakulla County. The original stucco section, an “H”shaped design with one central area and three classrooms on each side, was made possible when Sopchoppy citizens voted in 1921 for a bond issue to cover construction costs. In the 1930s, the New Deal’s Works Progress Administration (WPA) used local labor to construct the first limestone addition, containing two wings of seven classrooms and the present auditorium. The limestone portions are characteristic of Spanish mission construction and exemplify1930s master craftsmanship. In 1938-39, the second limestone addition was built, running in a north-south direction and featuring three classrooms with an adjoining hallway. Across the street, the “Spanish mission”-style gymnasium, also built during this time, has been restored for use during private, cultural and civic events. The school was integrated in 1966-67 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building is architecturally significant due to its style and the master craftsmanship used in cutting its 18- to 20-inch thick walls of native limestone, which was mined approximately 12 miles north of Sopchoppy." National Register of Historic Places NRIS #01001088</p><br>
<p>Sponsors: WAKULLA COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD AND THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE</p><br>
<p>Latitude, Longitude</p><br>
<p>30.05835278, -84.49332500</p><br>
<p>Source:Old Sopchoppy High School Marker, Sopchoppy, FL</p><br>
<p>George Lansing Taylor Jr., University of North Florida</p><br>
<p>Creation Date 11-27-2009</p><br>
<p>The Washington County Chamber of Commerce is located in the former Chipley City Hall building, which has also been used as Washington County Public Library. It is a historic site in Chipley, Florida at 672 Fifth Street. It is on the same block as the historic Woman&#39;s Club of Chipley. On March 30, 2005, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>According to City Council member Cheryl Gainer McCall, the City Council approved building a City Hall in 1928 for $8,000. J.R. and Lee H. Buchanan were contracted to build it with local brick from Hall&#39;s Brickyard and a red brick facade from Interlocking Tiling Company in Jacksonville, Florida. It was designed by Alvin R. Moore of Tallahassee and completed in 1929. Renovations were carried out in 2004. In 2007, the interior was renovated and modernised for the building to be used as the Washington County Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>Architect Moore also designed the 1929 Chaires School, in Leon County.</p><br>
<p>Sainte Anne Island is the largest  of eight islands in Ste Anne Marine National Park of the Seychelles. These islands are part of the Mont Fleuri District of the Seychelles. It is 4 km off the east coast of Mahé and has abundant tropical vegetation. The highest peak on Sainte Anne is 246 m.</p><br>
<p>The French explorer Lazare Picault first discovered the island in 1742, on the day of Saint Anne, and the first French settlement in the Seychelles was established here in 1770. In the early 20th century the St. Abbs Whaling Company briefly maintained a whaling station on the island, the ruins of which can still be found.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Beachcomber Sainte Anne resort & spa, with 87 luxury villas, was opened on the southwest point.</p><br>
<p>The village of Sainte Anne is located next to the hotel. It contains the park rangers&#39; quarters, dive shop, and restaurants. Some hotel staff and other employees live in the village, which has 40 people; some of the hotel staff do a daily trip from Victoria.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Today, the island&#39;s main industry is tourism. It has 6 big beaches:</p><br>
<p>Grande Anse, located at the southwest, where hotel Beachcomber Sainte Anne resort & spa is present.</p><br>
<p>Anse Royale, where sea turtles lay their eggs from late November to February.</p><br>
<p>Anse Tortues.</p><br>
<p>Anse Cimitiere</p><br>
<p>Anse Manon (accessible only by foot).</p><br>
<p>Anse Cabot</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Seat Sandal is a fell in the English Lake District, situated four kilometres  north of the village of Grasmere from where it is very well seen. Nevertheless, it tends to be overshadowed by its more illustrious neighbours in the Eastern Fells, Helvellyn and Fairfield.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The fell’s western flanks above Dunmail Raise are grassy and smooth while its eastern slopes are steep and craggy as they fall away towards Grisedale Hause which at 537 m (1,762 ft) contains Lakeland&#39;s highest substantial tarn, Grisedale Tarn. The fell reaches a height of 736 m (2,415 ft) and just scrapes into the list of Marilyns by being given prominence of ‘around’ 150 metres from the higher fell of Fairfield. However, this must be regarded as a borderline case as there is no Ordnance Survey surveyed height for the top of Grisedale Hause. Alfred Wainwright gives it a height of 1929 feet (588 metres) giving Seat Sandal a topographic prominence of only 148 metres (two metres short of Marilyn qualification). The hill’s unusual name comes from the Norse language, meaning ‘Sandulf’s Hill Pasture’, Sandulf being a Nordic personal name.</p><br>
<p>Seat Sandal is distinctive in that its drainage reaches the sea at more widely spread points than any other Lakeland Fell, with Raise Beck going through Thirlmere and Derwent Water to reach the Irish Sea at Workington, Tongue Beck going through the lakes of Grasmere and Windermere to reach Morecambe Bay and Grisedale Beck draining into Ullswater and then to the sea at the Solway Firth. However, this is true only as a result of the diversion of Raise Beck north to feed Thirlmere Reservoir — before this (and still today when there is enough water in Raise Beck for it to flow both north and south), Dollywaggon Pike shared in this distinction — Birkside Gill feeding Thirlmere, Raise Beck feeding Grasmere, and Grisedale Beck feeding Ullswater. The fell’s main topographic attraction is Gavel Crag on its eastern side, which is connected to the main body of the fell by a fine rock arête.</p><br>
<p>Dunmail Raise provides the topographical connection between the Eastern and Central Fells, Steel Fell rising on the other side of the pass.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>A hill of andesite lava forms the summit, the rocks beneath being the dacitic lapilli-tuffs of the Lincomb Tarns Formation.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The fell can be ascended from Grasmere or Dunmail Raise although a start from Patterdale is quite feasible. The Grasmere or Patterdale starts use the old packhorse route that links the two places; this is now part of Wainwright’s Coast to Coast Walk. When Grisedale Hause is reached it is a steep climb to the summit following a broken wall. The ascent from Dunmail Raise follows the bed of Raise Beck until it peters out at a height of 580 m (1,900 ft); it is then a walk south up easy slopes to reach the summit. There is also a direct ascent up the western slopes starting at Mill Bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The view from the top is limited by the nearby Helvellyn and Fairfield ranges although there is a good view of Lakeland to the west; the Solway Firth and Criffel are seen on a good day as is Morecambe Bay to the south.</p><br>
<p>Anonyme Island is a small granitic island  in the Seychelles, lying 700 m off the east coast of Mahé, near the runway of the Seychelles International Airport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was named after a 180-ton sailing ship of the same name, which carried supplies between Mauritius and Réunion in the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>Amid numerous ghost stories and tales of fabulous buried treasure, Anonyme plays a colorful role in the folklore of the islands that belies its small size.</p><br>
<p>Once owned by the St Jorre family who were among Seychelles&#39; earliest settlers, Anonyme was destined to play an important role in the construction of the international airport on Mahé, becoming the chosen location for the storage of the explosives needed to accomplish the task.</p><br>
<h2>Demography</h2><br>
<p>The staff quarters are at the northern part of the island. Currently, the Warden and his wife are the only tenants.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to Pointe La Rue District.</p><br>
<p>Being an island with a small population, there are not any government buildings or services. For many services, people have to go to Victoria.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Today, the island&#39;s main industry is tourism, and it is known for its beaches, especially Anse pimen vert, on the east coast where the warden has a small restaurant he operates.</p><br>
<p>Anonyme island is a privately owned resort with seven "luxury" class chalets</p><br>
<p>The owner is the daughter of former President of Seychelles France-Albert René.</p><br>
<p>One can go on a boat trip or a diving trip around the island.</p><br>
<p>This secluded island attracts newlyweds who like to come here and spend a honeymoon. Island Rentals allows couples to stay in love alone, enjoying the pristine nature and each other. The beaches on the island have pure snow-white sand and crystal clear water.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>The main means of transportation is bicycles.</p><br>
<h2>Cuisine</h2><br>
<p>Fish is the main ingredient.</p><br>
<h2>Flora & Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Anonyme Island has abundant plant life including ironwood (bois noir) and banyan trees. Also several Aldabra giant tortoises make Anonyme their home. Plant life on Anonyme is plentiful upon its area of 10 hectares, and the island plays host to rare species of trees such as bois noir (iron wood) as well as a magnificent banyan tree reputed to be more than 100 years old. Anonyme boasts more than its fair share of bird life, and fruit bats are also to be found along with a number of giant land tortoises. The waters surrounding this tiny island are ideal for snorkeling and the isle commands spectacular views of sunsets and the other neighboring inner islands.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Thérèse Island is a small island off the western coast of Mahé in the Seychelles. It has 700 m long white sand beaches, with numerous coconut palms. It has two rocky peaks which resemble a giant&#39;s staircase, the tallest, Thérèse Peak, being 164 m above sea level. There is a reef protecting the south shore of the island. Thérèse Island, along with its sister island Conception Island, is part of Port Glaud district of Mahé, the main island of the Seychelles.</p><br>
<p>The island is uninhabited but tourists frequently visit it for its water-sports including scuba diving, snorkeling, water skiing, sailing, windsurfing, and deep sea fishing.</p><br>
<p>There is a restaurant on the island serving Creole cuisine.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to Port Glaud District.</p><br>
<p>The island is for sale</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Today, the island&#39;s main industry is tourism.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Palisades  are a group of peaks in the central part of the Sierra Nevada in the USA state of California. They are located about 12 mi southwest of the town of Big Pine, California. The peaks in the group are particularly steep, rugged peaks and "contain the finest alpine climbing in California." The group makes up about 6 mi of the Sierra Crest, which divides the Central Valley watershed from the Owens Valley, and which runs generally northwest to southeast.</p><br>
<p>Josiah Whitney in his book Geology, Volume 1 writes:</p><br>
<p>"At the head of the north fork, along the main crest of the Sierra, is a range of peaks, from 13,500 to 14,000 feet high, which we called the Palisades. These were unlike the rest of the crest in outline and color, and were doubtless volcanic; they were very grand and fantastic in shape."</p><br>
<p>On the northeast side of the group lie the Palisade Glacier and the Middle Palisade Glacier, the largest glaciers in the Sierra Nevada. These glaciers feed Big Pine Creek.</p><br>
<p>Notable peaks of the group include four independent fourteeners:</p><br>
<p>North Palisade, 14,248 ft</p><br>
<p>Mount Sill, 14,159 ft</p><br>
<p>Split Mountain, 14,064 ft</p><br>
<p>Middle Palisade, 14,018 ft</p><br>
<p>and the following mountains in addition:</p><br>
<p>Mount Agassiz, 13,899 ft, the northwesternmost peak of the group before Bishop Pass.</p><br>
<p>Birch Mountain, 13,608 ft, which juts out further towards the Owens Valley than the rest of the group.</p><br>
<p>Norman Clyde Peak, 13,861 ft</p><br>
<p>Palisade Crest, 13,559 ft</p><br>
<p>Temple Crag, 12,982 ft, known for its many rock climbing routes.</p><br>
<p>Mount Winchell, 13,781 ft</p><br>
<p>North Palisade has some additional subpeaks over 14,000 ft; see the North Palisade article for those summits.</p><br>
<p>The Palisade Glacier is located on the northeast side of the Palisades within the John Muir Wilderness in the central Sierra Nevada of California. The glacier descends from the flanks of four mountain peaks over 14,000 ft in elevation of which North Palisade  is third highest peak in the Sierra Nevada Range.</p><br>
<p>The cirque containing the Palisade Glacier has a history of thousands of years of glaciation. The modern glacier attained its last maximum extent during the Little Ice Age, between 250 and 170 years ago (a period also known as the Matthes glaciation in the Sierra Nevada). It currently has an area of.31 square miles and the glacier is.81 mi long and.50 mi wide. It is located between 13,400 and and moves at a rate of 20 ft per year, although it is also retreating. Palisade Glacier is one of the few glaciers in California that terminates in a proglacial lake dammed by its former moraine and the lake is turquoise colored from the glacial powder suspended in the water. The Big Pine Lakes below the glacier are also the same color. Another feature of the glacier is a moulin,</p><br>
<p>The Zanskar River is a north-flowing tributary of the Indus. In its upper reaches, the Zanskar has two main branches. First of these, the Doda, has its source near the Pensi-la 4,400 m mountain-pass and flows south-eastwards along the main Zanskar valley leading towards Padum, the capital of Zanskar. The second branch is formed by two main tributaries known as Kargyag river, with its source near the Shingo La 5,091 m, and Tsarap river, with its source near the Baralacha-La. These two rivers unite below the village of Purne to form the Lungnak river . The Lungnak river then flows north-westwards along a narrow gorge towards Zanskar&#39;s central valley , where it unites with the Doda river to form the main Zanskar river. This river then takes a north-eastern course through the dramatic Zanskar Gorge until it joins the Indus near "Nimmu" in Ladakh.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Lower (northern) sections of that gorge are popular in summer with tourists making rafting trips, typically from Chiling to Nimmu. In winter when the road to Zanskar is closed by snow on the high passes, the only overland route to Padum is by walking along the frozen river, a multi-day hike that is now sold as an adventure activity called the Chadar (&#39;ice sheet&#39;) Trek. This trek will eventually be rendered obsolete once the road from Chiling to Padum is completed.</p><br>
<p>Lake Bohinj , covering 318 hectare, is the largest permanent lake in Slovenia. It is located within the Bohinj Valley of the Julian Alps, in the northwestern Upper Carniola region, and part of Triglav National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Bohinj is 4.2 km long and 1 km at its maximum width. It is a glacial lake dammed by a moraine.</p><br>
<p>The largest of the streams that flow into the lake, the Savica (little Sava), is fed from Črno jezero (Black Lake), the lowest-lying lake in the Triglav Lakes Valley. The outflow at the eastern end is the Jezernica creek which merges with the Mostnica to form the Sava Bohinjka, which in turn becomes the larger Sava River at the confluence with the Sava Dolinka. As found out already by Belsazar Hacquet in the 18th century, much more water leaves Lake Bohinj than enters it, which is explained with subterranean sources of water.</p><br>
<p>The clear waters are the habitat of brown trout, burbot, European chub, common minnow and Arctic char, eight genera of molluscs, as well as of numerous algae species. It is a popular day trippers&#39; destination for swimming and other water sports. On the shore is a statue of the legendary Goldhorn (Zlatorog) chamois, whose story was perpetuated by the poet Rudolf Baumbach.</p><br>
<p>Büchenbronn Observation Tower, built in 1883, is situated on the Buechenbronn height  in the proximity of Pforzheim in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-west Germany. The client was the adornment association of Pforzheim.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The tower was built as an octagonal, cast-iron tubing skeleton structure made from iron profiles and iron pipes by the Louis Kühne company of Dresden. The tower height is 24.75 m and the tower top can be reached by climbing over 125 stages on a spiral staircase in the tower center winding around four pipes in the square. On the matter of stability, the Deutsche Bauzeitung wrote in 1885 that "...the tower can be with ease shifted into rather large fluctuations by only one visitor."</p><br>
<p>The tower belonged to the adornment association until 1933, then to the Black Forest association until 1974, and since 1974 it has been property of the city Pforzheim. The last renovation took place after the "Lothar" storm from 25 December 1999.</p><br>
<p>The McKinley Climatic Laboratory is both an active laboratory and a historic site located in Building 440 on Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. The laboratory is part of the 96th Test Wing. In addition to Air Force testing, it can be used by other US government agencies and private industry.</p><br>
<p>On October 6, 1997, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1940, the US Army Air Force designated Ladd Field in Fairbanks, Alaska as a cold-weather testing facility. Because sufficiently cold weather was not predictable and often of short duration, Ashley McKinley suggested a refrigerated airplane hangar be built. The facilities were constructed at Eglin Field.</p><br>
<p>The first tests started in May 1947. Airplanes that were tested included the B-29 Superfortress, C-82 Packet, P-47 Thunderbolt, P-51 Mustang, P-80 Shooting Star, and the Sikorsky H-5D helicopter. the F-22, the Boeing 787, and the Airbus A350 XWB.</p><br>
<p>On 12 June 1971, the hangar was dedicated at the McKinley Climatic Hangar in honor of Col. Ashley McKinley, who suggested the facility and served at Eglin during its construction.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The Building 440 is an insulated, refrigerated hangar. There is an office and instrumentation building, a cold-weather engine test cell, the refrigeration system, mechanical-draft cooling towers, and a steam-heating plant.</p><br>
<p>The main chamber is 252 ft wide, 201 ft deep, and 70 ft tall at the center of the hangar. It was constructed to hold aircraft as large a B-29, its size also fitting the larger Convair B-36 Peacemaker. In 1968, a 60 ft by 85 ft extension was added. It now has 55,000 ft2 working area. This allows it to test aircraft as large as a C-5A. Under hot conditions, it can achieve 165 &deg;F.</p><br>
<p>The All-Weather Room is 42 ft by 22 ft. It has a temperature range from -80 &deg;F to 170 &deg;F. Rainfall can be as high as 15 in per hour and the wind can be as high as 60 kn. Snow can be made in the chamber.</p><br>
<p>The Temperature-Altitude Chamber is 13.5 ft by 9.5 ft with a height of 6.9 ft. Altitudes up to 80,000 ft can be simulated. The temperature range is -80 &deg;F to 140 &deg;F.</p><br>
<p>The engine test cell was originally used for aircraft engines. It was about 130 ft by 30 ft with a height of 25 ft. It is now called the Equipment Test Chamber and is used mainly for tanks, trucks, and other equipment. The original building had small tests rooms for desert, hot, marine, and jungle conditions. These have been eliminated.</p><br>
<p>The original floor of the building was constructed of reinforced-concrete slabs that were 12 in thick and 12.5 ft square. The slabs rested on 13 in of cellular glass blocks over reinforced concrete. In 1990, much of this floor was replaced with 25 ft square slabs. The walls and door are insulated with 13 in of glass-wool board sheathed in galvanized steel. To seal the doors, they are pulled against foam rubber seals. The ceiling insulation is on a corrugated steel deck, which is suspended from the roof trusses by chains.</p><br>
<h2>Refrigeration system</h2><br>
<p>The original coolant was R-12 refrigerant. Liquid refrigerant is held in a low-pressure surge tank. The pressure in this tank is maintained at the saturation pressure for the desired temperature for the cooling coils. Vapor from this tank is compressed to a gage pressure of 20 psi by the first-stage compressor. The compressed vapor is expanded into an intermediate, desuperheater tank. Liquid condensed in this expansion is drained back to the surge tank. The remaining vapor is compressed in a high-stage compressor to a gage pressure of about 150 psi. Heat is transferred from the hot vapor to cooling water. Any condensed liquid is returned to the intermediate tank, the surge tank, or the supply tank. Liquid refrigerant from the surge tank is pumped through the cooling coils at sufficient pressure to avoid vaporization. Warmed liquid is returned to the surge tank. As its pressure is reduced, a portion of this liquid will flash into vapor.</p><br>
<p>There are three such refrigeration systems. Each low-stage compressor is powered by a 1,000 hp motor and each high-stage compressor is powered by a 1,250 hp motor. The system was built by York Corporation. The original motors were Allis-Chalmers induction motors. They have been replaced by variable frequency, synchronous motors manufactured by EMICC that operate between 350 and 1800 rpm. Recent efforts have been made to change from ozone-depleting refrigerants.</p><br>
<p>For engine tests, there is need for makeup air. The system originally could cool 200 lb per second of humid air. In 1966, this was increased to 450 lb per second. Air is also cooled by a two-stage heat exchanger. The first stage uses 110,000 USgal of 20% calcium chloride brine pre-cooled to 24 &deg;F. The second stage uses 137,500 USgal of methylene chloride pre-cooled to -97 &deg;F. This can cool 450 lb per second of humid air from 80 &deg;F to -65 &deg;F for 40 minutes.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church, originally known as Christ Church, is a historic house of worship in Apalachicola, Florida, United States, located at the corner of Avenue D and 6th Street . On June 30, 1972, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>National register listing</h2><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>(added 1972 - Building - #72000317)</p><br>
<p>Ave. D and 6th St. (Gorrie Sq.), Apalachicola</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Unknown</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Greek Revival</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Religion, Architecture</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1825-1849</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Heron Pike is a fell in the English Lake District, two kilometres east of Grasmere. It is part of the Fairfield group in the Eastern Fells. It should not be confused with the Heron Pike that forms part of Sheffield Pike, although it appears that, by coincidence, both Heron Pikes are exactly the same height.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Not a fell of great significance, Heron Pike is a slight grassy rise on the long southern ridge of its parent fell Fairfield. Just cresting the 2,000 foot mark at 612 m (2,008 ft), it is mostly climbed as part of the Fairfield horseshoe walk and it lies between the adjoining fells of Nab Scar and Great Rigg. Heron Pike’s eastern side features Erne Crag and Blind Cove as it falls away quite steeply towards Rydal Beck. At the base of Erne Crag is an old quarry, the mouth of a cavern quite easy to locate.</p><br>
<p>The fell&#39;s western flank drops towards Grasmere and has the small Alcock Tarn on its lower slopes at a height of 360 m (1,180 ft). Alcock Tarn was originally known as Butter Crags Tarn and was enlarged by means of a stone and earth dam in the nineteenth century to a depth of about six feet. The owner, a Mr Alcock of Grasmere, then stocked it with brown trout.</p><br>
<p>Heron Pike has a "subsidiary" top which qualifies as a Nuttall. It is called Heron Pike North Top on the Nuttall lists, but is also known as Rydal Fell in some guide books. It lies 400 metres north of the main summit at the top of Erne Crag and has a height of 621 m (2,039 ft). The deliberate choice by Alfred Wainwright of the lower top to be the summit in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells is one of the many oddities which differentiate Wainwrights from more logical hill lists such as Nuttalls or Hewitts.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The ridgeline exposes the dacitic welded lapilli-tuff of the Lincomb Tarns Formation.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Ascents of the fell are commenced either from Rydal or Grasmere; the ascent from Grasmere allows Alcock Tarn to be visited by a short detour while the route from Rydal first climbs Nab Scar. However, the majority of walkers who visit Heron Pike do so either on the way to or on the way back from the main fell of Fairfield.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The south summit has flashes of quartz in the uppermost rock and by far the better view. This takes in a fine vista of Windermere, the Coniston and Central Fells. The higher northern top bears the remains of a cross wall, some of this fashioned into a small cairn.</p><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre is a historic single-screen Art Deco movie theater located at 5904 York Road in the Govans section of Baltimore, Maryland 21212. It shows first run movies as well as classics.</p><br>
<p>The theater ceased showing first-run films on 15 March 2009. New managers Buzz and Kathleen Cusack have renovated the theater and plan further renovations; they reopened the theater on 15 October 2010. The theater closed again for renovations on 26 April 2012. It has since reopened, with three smaller theaters adjacent to the main one.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre is an Art Deco landmark built by E. Eyring for Durkee Enterprises at an original cost of $250,000. It opened to the public Oct. 5, 1939. The first movie it featured was Stanley and Livingstone, starring Spencer Tracy and Nancy Kelly. The architect, John Jacob Zink, designed the Senator with a circular upper structure of glass blocks and limestone. Multicolored backlighting of the glass block was added to produce a dramatic effect at night.</p><br>
<p>The lobby still features the original terrazzo floors, and art deco murals about the history of performing arts. A massive gold curtain still opens to dramatically reveal the screen before each performance. The theatre’s interior is accented by a back lit sun-burst at the apex of the screen, and rainbow prisms in the recessed ceiling. "Originally, it had 1150 seats but that has gone down to 900."</p><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre also has two skyboxes for private parties. They are connected by a mezzanine overlooking the outer lobby and can host up to 40 people.</p><br>
<p>The sidewalk in front of the theatre features a ‘walk of fame’ which highlights local cinematic accomplishments.</p><br>
<p>The Senator Theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>On March 5, 2007, the Baltimore City Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation (CHAP) is scheduled to review and vote on the proposed Baltimore City Landmark designation for the Senator Theatre.</p><br>
<h2>Technical specifications</h2><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre boasts a massive, modern 40 ft curved screen, state of the art projection systems, and Dolby Digital sound with surround EX. Today, the Senator Theatre mainly showcases first run movies. It is able to screen films in 35mm or 70mm. Equipment includes a Bauer U2 projector with top of the line German lenses.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the Senator was selected to become the first venue to complete the Historic Cinema Certification Program offered by THX Ltd., the San-Rafael, California based company founded by George Lucas. The special skyboxes are also equipped with user-controlled digital sound.</p><br>
<p>The snack bar offers traditional movie house snacks, and freshly popped, hot popcorn, with real butter upon request. Tickets are now $9 each.</p><br>
<h2>Reputation</h2><br>
<p>Many celebrities have attended movie premiers, fundraisers, and screenings at the Senator. They include: Matt Damon, Matthew McConaughey, John Travolta, Joaquin Phoenix, Salma Hayek, and Edward Norton.</p><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre’s facade has been featured in many movies and commercials. It was featured prominently in the cult film Cecil B. Demented, which showcased historic theatres around Baltimore. The theatre can also be seen in the movies Twelve Monkeys, Diner, and Avalon. The Senator was also featured prominently in Mario&#39;s 2002 music video "Just a Friend."</p><br>
<p>Directors John Waters and Barry Levinson premiere most of their films at the Senator. It often hosts East Coast premieres of films shot in and around Baltimore, including Ladder 49, Runaway Bride and The Accidental Tourist. The theatre also showcases films starring Baltimore area natives like Edward Norton and Jada Pinkett Smith.</p><br>
<p>Several books feature the Senator Theatre, including Cinema Treasures, Popcorn Palaces, Exit: A History of Movies in Baltimore and Motion Picture Exhibition in Baltimore: An Illustrated History and Directory of Theatres.</p><br>
<p>The August 5th, 2005 issue of Entertainment Weekly Magazine ranked the Senator Theater fourth on the list of “10 Theaters doing it right… movie houses that make watching films a dream”.</p><br>
<p>In its September 29, 2003 edition, USA Today declared the Senator Theatre to be one of America’s best “Places to see a classic cinema”.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, the National Trust for Historical Preservation designated the Senator as America&#39;s quintessential independent historic movie house.</p><br>
<p>On May 19, 2003 the National Main Street Center of the National Trust for Historic Preservation honored owner Tom Kiefaber with the “2003 Business Leadership Award”. The award was “in recognition of his tireless advocacy for historic, independent movie theaters".</p><br>
<h2>Fundraisers</h2><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre routinely hosts special events that have raised millions of dollars for local charities.</p><br>
<p>Each December, the Senator holds an annual Holiday Classics Series on the large screen as a means of raising donations of food and cash to the Maryland Food Bank. "It&#39;s a Wonderful Life" and "A Christmas Carol" are usually shown.</p><br>
<p>On February 22, 2007, the Senator Theatre hosted an American Heart Association Go Red for Women campaign fundraiser starring Gretchen Wilson.</p><br>
<h2>Special screenings</h2><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre has been the site of extended camp-outs where diehard fans await tickets for premieres of epic movie offerings, including series like Star Wars, Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter. It is also the place where Maryland’s big media franchises typically go to cover movie openings, and interview hardcore fans. The theatre has also hosted midnight shows of fan favorites such as the Star Wars movies.</p><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre has been used as a venue within Maryland Film Festival.</p><br>
<p>The Senator also hosts free screenings classic films in cooperation with community enrichment initiatives.</p><br>
<p>The 1928 silent comedy classic "Speedy" starring Harold Lloyd was screened on February 19, 2007. It was accompanied by live music from Alloy Orchestra as part of Loyola College&#39;s 2007 Humanities Symposium.</p><br>
<p>A free screening of "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962) starring Gregory Peck was held on Saturday, March 24, 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Recent struggles</h2><br>
<p>The Senator theatre was scheduled to be auctioned on February 21, 2007. The auction was avoided due to $109,000 (USD) in donations through a grassroots campaign.</p><br>
<p>The Senator’s struggles have been attributed to a practice known as “clearance“. Movie "clearing" or blocking occurs when rival theatres, usually multiplexes, invoke agreements with distribution houses to exclude a nearby theatre from ever concurrently running the same films that are running on any of their screens. The Senators former owner, Tom Kiefaber explained: "We eventually overcame the (rival multiplexes) clearance, but without equal access to the first-run lifeblood of the film exhibition industry during that difficult period, we were forced to accumulate debt that is a continuing detriment to the economic viability of The Senator Theatre.“ The good news is that "if we are able to avert the auction sale...our district will soon become a ’free zone’ and the primary impediment to our profitability, a restrictive film clearance...by an independent Baltimore multiplex... will soon come to a blessed end.“</p><br>
<p>"(O)ur well-established, activist, anti-film clearance position (has been) outlined… in the national, media coverage we have received over the years on the subject… in The New York Times, USA News & World Report, Forbes Small Business Magazine, USA Today, CBS Sunday Morning, and ABC News among others."</p><br>
<p>The Senator Theatre ceased showing first run movies on 15 March 2009. According to their website, "Senator Theatre management has announced that the screening of Watchmen on Sunday evening, March 15th, was the final first-run film to be shown at the renowned theatre in its 70 year history." It was revealed the theatre was again facing possible foreclosure.</p><br>
<p>On March 16, 2009, a town hall meeting was held by the local neighborhoods to rally support to save the Senator Theatre from the pending foreclosure and make it into a cultural center. No general agreement could be made to determine an effort in moving forward in the community&#39;s efforts to save the theatre. Attendees were told to wait a few more days as the neighborhood trust releases more details.</p><br>
<p>The Baltimore Sun noted the following on March 17, 2009: "The Senator Theatre stopped selling tickets Sunday night, as owner Tom Kiefaber unexpectedly closed the financially troubled movie house."</p><br>
<p>The City of Baltimore bought the mortgage to the Theatre in May 2009, and purchased the property (essentially from itself) at auction on July 23, 2009.</p><br>
<p>New owners have renovated the theater and plan additional renovations following its scheduled October 15, 2010 reopening. These include an additional screen, a small-plate restaurant, and a bar inside the lobby. They have uncovered original wooden paneling in the lobby&#39;s rotunda.</p><br>
<p>The Senator closed in September 2012 and opened on October 10, 2013, with a screening of Baltimore local, John Waters&#39;, classic movie Hairspray.</p><br>
<p>Moekeshiwan, also known as Lvinaya Past , is a volcano in the southern part of Iturup in the Kuril Islands, claimed by Japan and administered by Russia. The volcano is characterized by a large caldera that is flooded by the Sea of Okhotsk. A large eruption occurred early during the Holocene which reached a volcanic explosivity index of 7.</p><br>
<p>Iturup island contains about nine stratovolcanoes, some pyroclastic cones, one somma volcano and several geothermal fields. Among these, Lvinaya Past is formed by a 7 x wide and 550 m deep caldera, which is connected with the Sea of Okhotsk by a 5 km wide and maximally 50 m deep strait. The volcano is 528 m high, almost 1 km above the bottom of the caldera.</p><br>
<p>A major eruption occurred 7480 ± 80 BC. which joined the three southernmost volcanoes of Iturup to the main island. The total volume of tephra ejected amounts to 170 km3. This eruption had a volcanic explosivity index of 7, making it one of the largest eruptions that are known to have occurred in the Kuril Islands, and the strongest known to have occurred during the Holocene in the Southern Kurils. Habitats may have been destroyed to distances of 50 km from the volcano. The development of alder-containing birch forests in the region may have been favoured by the ash fall from the eruption, which would have killed more susceptible conifers.</p><br>
<p>Ice cores taken in the Siberian Altai demonstrate increased sulfate concentrations at the time, possibly stemming from large sulfate release by the eruptions of Lvinaya Past and contemporaneous large scale activity at Caldera Fisher in Alaska and Pinatubo in the Philippines.</p><br>
<p>Lvinaya Past has erupted tholeiitic magmas with a low potassium content. Other rocks include andesite, basaltic andesite, basalt, dacite and picrite. The caldera-forming eruption ejected dacitic material with hornblende and quartz forming phenocrysts. Other volcanoes on Iturup include Astonupuri, Baransky, Berutarube, Bogatyr Ridge, Chirip, Demon, Golets-Tornyi, Grozny Group, Medvezhy and Past.</p><br>
<p>Blea Rigg is a fell in the English Lake District, lying between the valleys of Easedale and Great Langdale. One of the Central Fells, it is a broad plateau with a succession of rocky tops. Many routes of ascent are possible, beginning either from Grasmere or Great Langdale, though the paths are often poorly marked and hard to follow.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The main spine of the Central Fells runs north to south from the Vale of Keswick to its greatest elevation at High Raise. A long ridge runs out eastward from here, so that the range as a whole resembles the letter L. This eastward ridge begins as Blea Rigg and then continues over Silver How and Loughrigg Fell, before petering out near the head of Windermere.</p><br>
<p>Blea Rigg is a broad plateau, around a mile wide and two miles long, climbing roughly east to west. It connects via a narrower section between Stickle and Codale Tarns to Sergeant Man and ultimately High Raise in the west. Stickle Tarn is the larger of the two waterbodies, a 50 ft deep corrie tarn with the level increased by a stone faced dam. It is used to supply water to the residents of Great Langdale. Codale Tarn is a shallow pool set amid rough ground, a little to the north east.</p><br>
<p>Blea Rigg has a number of named tops in addition to the summit. Travelling west to east these are Great Castle How (1,640 ft), Little Castle How (1,581 ft), Swinescar Pike (1,348 ft) and Lang How (1,358 ft) Silver How could also be considered part of Blea Rigg, were it not for Wainwright&#39;s decision to accord it a separate chapter in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells.</p><br>
<p>Drainage from the southern side of the fell is via a number of feeders to Stickle Gill and Great Langdale Beck. Among the tributaries is White Gill, its ravine being an interesting route of ascent. Water from the northern flanks reaches Grasmere via Easedale Beck and its feeders. Crags look down over Easedale Tarn and Blindtarn Moss to the north, while further rough ground looms over the Great Langdale road.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit of the fell is formed of the Pavey Ark Member, pebbly sandstone and breccia from the Borrowdale Volcanic series. There is no history of mining within the area of the fell.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The fell has many rocky tops and a number of sizeable tarns. Added to the network of paths this can make the ridge a confusing place for walkers. It is not always immediately obvious which outcrop forms the actual summit, but a small cairn sits on rock above a stone shelter. The view takes in the eastern and southern fells, plus the nearby Langdale Pikes.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Many routes of ascent are possible from either side of the ridge, with a climb from Grasmere over Silver How also popular. From the New Dungeon Ghyll Hotel in Great Langdale the walker can climb either via Stickle Tarn or up the ravine of White Gill. From Grasmere, Easedale Tarn is the preliminary objective. From here Blea Crag can be outflanked on either side to arrive on the summit ridge to the east or west of the summit. Before World War II a stone refreshment hut stood on the slopes of Blea Rigg, just above Easedale Tarn. It is hard to imagine the scene today, with food and drink for sale halfway up a fell.</p><br>
<p>The Federal School is a historic one-room schoolhouse located on Darby Road in Haverford, Pennsylvania near the Allgates Estate. It was established in 1797, and was called the Federal School because of the community&#39;s pride of being part of the Federal United States, but not much else is known about it until 1849, when the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania purchased the building and officially renamed it the Haverford Seminary Number 1. It served as a public school from then until Horatio Gates Lloyd bought it in 1940. After his family moved out it served as a storage building. The Historical Society of Haverford Township restored it in 1991. The Federal School now has 1849 school re-enactments for 4th Graders in the School District of Haverford Township.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Laguna de los Padres is a small lake located about 12 miles west of Mar del Plata, Argentina and roughly one mile east of Sierra de los Padres&#39; hills. The name of the lake as well as of the hills nearby has its origins in the Jesuit Fathers  attempting to evangelize the region in the 17th century. The lake has a length of 2,065 mt  and a width of 1,701 mt . Its water is shallow and the aquatic flora, like algae, rushes and another species like the myriophyllum aquaticum, also kown in Argentina as gambarussa, overpopulates the muddy bottom. Woods of eucalyptus and pines surround the adjacent area, as well as some aboriginal shrub, like the colletia paradoxa, locally known as curro. The area also hosts the southernmost population of tala and some specimenes of sambucus. The place had been open to the public since 1946. Sport fishing is the main recreational activity, and there is a wharf for row boats in a small island linked to land by a causeway. Watercraft with internal combustion power are not permitted on the lake. Laguna de los Padres also hosted rowing events during the 1995 Pan American Games and 2006 South American Games.</p><br>
<p>Near the main entrance there is a reconstruction of the ancient Jesuit mission of Nuestra Señora del Pilar, founded in 1746 and abandoned five years later under pressure from the Leuvuches, a nomadic Tehuelche tribe led by chieftain Cangapol. The lake was known as Laguna de las Cabrillas (lake of the goats) in the Spanish maps of that time. Close to the shore there is an old farmhouse, now a museum, where writer José Hernández, author of the gaucho&#39;s national poem Martin Fierro lived briefly during his childhood.</p><br>
<p>The Tabby House is a historic site in Fernandina Beach, Florida. It is located at 27 South 7th Street. On June 4, 1973, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. R. S. Schuyler, credited as the architect, is also listed as the architect of the nearby Fairbanks House, also built in 1885.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1885 according to the Florida Department of State&#39;s Division of Historical Resources, the house is "...2 and a half stories, 2-story veranda with carved posts and brackets..." and is built from bricks made of concrete and local shells. Although lovingly referred to as "The Tabby House" by its owners and local residents, the building materials are not, strictly speaking, tabby, which is a mixture of lime, sand, water, and crushed oyster shells. This house is listed on the US National Historic Register and is a beautiful example of Victorian architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Original Town of Fernandina Historic Site, also known as "Old Town", is a historic site in Fernandina Beach, Florida, located on Amelia Island. It is roughly bounded by Towngate Street, Bosque Bello Cemetery, Nassau, Marine, and Ladies Streets. On January 29, 1990, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places as a historic site. Lying north of the Fernandina Beach Historic District, it is accessible from North 14th Street.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the arrival of Europeans on what is now Amelia Island, the Old Town site was home to Native Americans. The French, English, and Spanish all maintained a presence on Amelia Island at various times during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, but the Spanish established Fernandina. Old Town, the original location of the town of Fernandina, has the distinction of being the last Spanish city platted in the Western Hemisphere, in 1811. The plat is based on the 1573 Law of the Indies, a document utilized by the Spanish to organize new towns established during their explorations.</p><br>
<p>The area within Old Town known as Plaza San Carlos was the plaza ground in front of the Spanish Fort San Carlos, which is no longer in existence. Today the Plaza San Carlos is maintained by the State of Florida as part of the State Park System. The plaza offers a space for nature study and picnicking.</p><br>
<p>David Levy Yulee, one of the first United States senators from Florida, established the first cross-state railroad running from Fernandina Beach to Cedar Key, which opened on March 1, 1861. When Yulee established the railroad, he platted “new” Fernandina, shifting the town of Fernandina from Old Town to the location along Centre Street. As a result of this shift, Old Town has become primarily a residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The field work and scholarship of archeologists and historians in the last forty years has advanced our understanding of the area&#39;s Native American history after European contact. The human occupation of present-day Old Town began around three thousand years ago, and some of the most colorful episodes of Florida history occurred here. Local government has come to realize the special place Old Town has in telling the story of Fernandina’s heritage, and in 1989 the city of Fernandina Beach passed a historic preservation ordinance to protect the district by establishing local boundaries. Old Town has design guidelines for rehabilitation and construction projects, reviewed by the city’s Historic District Council. The Old Town preservation and development guidelines focus on lot orientation, an integral part of the process of preserving the 1811 Spanish plan. Building aesthetics are also taken into account. The Old Town Historic District was last surveyed as part of the city’s 1985 Historic Resources survey.</p><br>
<p>Old Town celebrated the 200th anniversary of its founding on April 2, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Native American campsite to British garrison</h3><br>
<p>The original town of Fernandina was established on a bluff over the Amelia River at the northwest end of Amelia Island in northernmost Florida on the east coast of the United States. Native Americans had camped on this land above the Amelia River from 2000–1000 BC. The St. Johns People dwelt here from as early as 1000 B.C. and their Timucua descendants encamped in the same area.</p><br>
<p>The naturally deep and protected harbor was known to the early European explorers of Florida. The island was called Napoyca by the Timucua and was associated with the name "Santa María" from the early First Spanish Period (1500–1763). Spanish Franciscan friars established the fortified mission compound of Santa María de Sena by 1602 on present-day Cumberland Island. A Spanish sentinel house was built here in 1696. In later colonial times the site gained military importance because of its deep harbor and its strategic location near the northern boundary of Spanish Florida. During his invasion of north Florida, 1736–1742, the governor of the British colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe, stationed a military guard of Scottish Highlanders on the site and named the island after Princess Amelia, the daughter of King George II of Great Britain.</p><br>
<h3>"New Settlement"</h3><br>
<p>Oglethorpe withdrew his troops in 1742, and the area became a buffer zone between the English and Spanish colonies until the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, when Spain traded Florida to Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba. During the early period of British rule, the island was known as Egmont Isle, after Lord Egmont who had a 10,000 acre estate there, almost the entire island. The so-called “New Settlement” (present-day Old Town), on the south side of the mouth of Egan’s Creek adjoining the Amelia River, was presumably its headquarters. A map of the new settlement shown in charts drawn by Capt. John Fuller and then mapped by cartographer Thomas Jefferys in 1770 depicts houses and streets laid out from "Andersons Creek" (present-day Egans Creek) south toward Morriss Bluff. Egmont had only recently begun his development of the island in 1770 when Gerard de Brahm prepared his map, the "Plan of Amelia, Now Egmont Island", which depicted most of the planned development at the north end. Egmont died in December 1770, whereupon his widow, Lady Egmont, assumed control of his vast Florida estates. She persisted in development of the plantation and made Stephen Egan her agent to manage it. He was able to grow profitable indigo crops there until it was destroyed by rebel troops from Georgia in 1776.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1770s and early 1780s, British loyalists fleeing Charleston and Savannah hastily erected new buildings at the settlement, calling their impromptu town Hillsborough. When Spain regained possession of Florida in 1783, the Amelia harbor served as an embarkation point for loyalists abandoning the colony who tore down the buildings and took the lumber with them. In June 1785, former British governor Patrick Tonyn moved his command to Hillsborough town, from whence he sailed to England later that year.</p><br>
<p>After the British evacuation, Mary Mattair, her children, and a farmhand were the sole occupants left on Amelia island. She had received a grant from Governor Tonyn of the property on the bluff overlooking the Amelia River. Following the exchange of flags in 1784, the Spanish Crown allowed Mattair to remain on the island. In trade for the earlier British grant, the Spanish authorities awarded her 150 acres within the present-day city limits of Fernandina Beach. The site of Mattairs initial grant is todays Old Town Fernandina.</p><br>
<p>In December 1793, Mary Mattair&#39;s daughter Maria married Domingo Fernandez. Fernandez had arrived in St. Augustine from Galicia, Spain about 1786. He worked for the Spanish government as captain of a gunboat and a harbor pilot at Amelia Island until 1800, when he retired to become a full-time planter.</p><br>
<p>In June 1795, American rebel marauders led by Richard Lang attacked the Spanish garrison on Amelia Island. Colonel Charles Howard, an officer in the Spanish military, discovered that the rebels had built a battery and were flying the French flag. On August 2, he raised a sizable Spanish force, sailed up Sisters Creek and the Nassau River, and attacked them. The rebels fled across the St. Marys to Georgia.</p><br>
<p>The passage of the USA Embargo Act of 1807, which closed all United States ports to trade with Europe, and the abolition of the American slave trade, made the town a haven for smuggling slaves, liquor and foreign luxury goods. Situated on a peninsula, it was defended by two blockhouses and a detachment of soldiers surrounding the settlement.</p><br>
<h3>Fernandina Township Platted According to the Laws of the Indies</h3><br>
<p>On January 1, 1811, the town of Fernandina, which was about a mile from the present city, was named in honor of King Ferdinand VII of Spain by the governor of the Spanish province of East Florida, Enrique White. On May 10, 1811, White&#39;s successor and acting governor at the time, Juan José Estrada, instructed the newly appointed Surveyor General, George J. F. Clarke, to plat the township in accordance with the 1542 Spanish Laws of the Indies (Leyes de Indias). These laws regulated how the site for a Spanish settlement should be selected, and how the town should be laid out in classical grid form. Places were designated for the fort, the parade ground, the church, and the cemetery. A plaza, originally called Plaza de la Constitution, was set close to the river, one side facing westward to the parade grounds.</p><br>
<p>Fernandina was the last town platted under the Laws of the Indies in the Western hemisphere and was intended as a bulwark against USA territorial expansion. In the following years it was captured and recaptured by a succession of renegades and privateers. Meanwhile, saloons and bordellos proliferated in the booming new township.</p><br>
<h3>Patriots' War</h3><br>
<p>Because it was a center for smuggling and represented a threat to trade of the United States, Fernandina was invaded and seized by forces under the command of General George Mathews in 1812 with the clandestine approval of President James Madison. Mathews and Colonel John McKee were commissioned as secret agents to incite a revolution in Spanish East Florida. A group of Americans calling themselves the "Patriots of Amelia Island" had banded together to drive out the Spanish and reported to General Mathews, who moved into a house at St. Marys, Georgia, just nine miles across Cumberland Sound. Most of the Patriots&#39; force consisted of Georgia militiamen, and wood-choppers and boatmen from the neighborhood of St. Marys. They were supported by slave-holding planters who wanted to stop raiding parties of Seminole Indians from the Alachua region and feared the presence of armed free black militias in Spanish Florida.</p><br>
<p>By March 5, Patriot leader and wealthy Florida planter John Houstoun McIntosh claimed that the Patriots had successfully subjugated the area between the St. Marys and the St. Johns Rivers, and were planning next to take Amelia Island. On March 16, nine American gunboats under the command of Commodore Hugh Campbell formed a line in the harbor and aimed their guns at the town. General Mathews, still ensconced at Point Peter on the St. Marys in Georgia, ordered Colonel Lodowick Ashley to send a flag to Don Justo Lopez, the Patriots then raised their own standard. The next day, a detachment of 250 regular United States troops were brought over from Point Peter, and the newly constituted Patriot government surrendered the town to General Matthews, who had the stars and stripes of the USA flag raised immediately. The Patriots had held Fernandina for only twenty-four hours before turning authority over to the USA military.</p><br>
<p>General Mathews and President Madison had conceived a plan to annex East Florida to the United States, but Congress became alarmed at the possibility of being drawn into war with Spain, and the effort fell apart when Secretary of State James Monroe was forced to relieve Matthews of his commission. Negotiations began for the withdrawal of USA troops early in 1813. On May 6, the army lowered the flag at Fernandina and crossed the St. Marys River to Georgia with the remaining troops. Spain took possession of the redoubt and regained control of the island. The Spanish completed construction of the new Fort San Carlos to guard the port side of Fernandina in 1816.</p><br>
<p>Fort San Carlos was built to protect the strategic harbor of the Amelia River and Spanish interests in northern Florida. The fort was made of wood and earthworks and was armed with eight or ten guns. The town contained about six hundred inhabitants, and its population was rapidly increasing. The former Indian campsite had become the fort’s parade grounds fronting Estrada Street, which still exists—the layout of the original town has been preserved to this day.</p><br>
<h3>Gregor MacGregor and the Republic of the Floridas</h3><br>
<p>Fernandina became increasingly vulnerable to foreign depredations as Spain’s American empire disintegrated. A Scottish military adventurer and mercenary, Gregor MacGregor, claimed to be commissioned by representatives of the revolting South American countries to liberate Florida from Spanish rule. Financed by American backers, he led an army of only 150 men including recruits from Charleston and Savannah, some War of 1812 veterans, and 55 musketeers in an assault on Fort San Carlos. Through spies within the Spanish garrison, MacGregor had learned that the force there consisted of only 55 regulars and 50 militia men. He spread rumors in the town which eventually reached the ear of the garrison commander that an army of more than 1,000 men was about to attack. On June 29, 1817, he advanced on the fort, deploying his men in small groups coming from various directions to give the impression of a larger force. The commander, Francisco Morales, struck the Spanish flag and fled. MacGregor raised his flag, the "Green Cross of Florida", a green cross on a white ground, over the fort and proclaimed the "Republic of the Floridas".</p><br>
<p>Now in possession of the town, and seeing the need to make the appearance of a legitimate government, MacGregor quickly formed a committee to draft a constitution, and appointed Ruggles Hubbard, the former high sheriff of New York City, as unofficial civil governor, and Jared Irwin, an adventurer and former Pennsylvania Congressman, as his treasurer. MacGregor then opened a post office, ordered a printing press to publish a newspaper, and issued currency to pay his troops and to settle government debts. Expecting reinforcements for a raid against the Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine, MacGregor intended to subdue all of Spanish East Florida. His plan was doomed to fail, however, as President James Monroe was in sensitive negotiations with Spain to acquire all of Florida.</p><br>
<p>Soon MacGregor&#39;s reserves were depleted, and the Republic needed revenue. He commissioned privateers to seize Spanish ships and set up an admiralty court When about August 28 fellow conspirator Ruggles Hubbard sailed into the harbor aboard his own brig Morgiana, flying the flag of Buenos Ayres, but without the needed men, guns, and money, MacGregor announced his departure. On September 4, faced with the threat of a Spanish reprisal, and still lacking money and adequate reinforcements, he abandoned his plans to conquer Florida and departed Fernandina with most of his officers, leaving a small detachment of men at Fort San Carlos to defend the island. After his withdrawal, these and a force of American irregulars organized by Hubbard and Irwin repelled the Spanish attempt to reassert authority.</p><br>
<h3>Battle of Amelia Island</h3><br>
<p>On September 13 the Battle of Amelia Island commenced when the Spaniards erected a battery of four brass cannons on McLure’s Hill east of the fort. With about 300 men, supported by two gunboats, they shelled Fernandina being held by Jared Irwin. His “Republic of Florida” forces included ninety-four men, the privateer ships Morgiana and St. Joseph, and the armed schooner Jupiter. Spanish gunboats began firing at 3:30 pm and the battery on the hill joined the cannonade. The guns of Fort San Carlos, on the river bluff northwest of the hill, and those of the St. Joseph defended Amelia Island. Cannonballs killed two and wounded other Spanish troops clustered below. Firing continued until dark. The Spanish commander, convinced he could not capture the island, then withdrew his forces.</p><br>
<h3>French corsair Louis Aury</h3><br>
<p>Before he left Florida, MacGregor had met with the French privateer, Louis Aury, a previous acquaintance from political intrigues in South America who had served with him in Simon Bolívars army in New Granada. As MacGregor was going out of the harbor of Fernandina on the privateer Freeman Johnsons vessel, Aury was coming in on his flagship, Mexican Congress. Visits were exchanged, and Aury entertained the Scotsman aboard his schooner, anchored outside the bar of the inlet. Aury was accompanied by two other privateering ships and held prizes valued at $60,000. Thus briefed on the state of affairs in Fernandina, he sailed into the port on September 17, 1817, with a crew of 300 American recruits and Haitian ex-slaves, free blacks, and mulattoes known as "Aury’s blacks". His principal lieutenant was Joseph Savary, a mulatto refugee from the Haitian revolution and veteran of the defense of New Orleans in 1815.</p><br>
<p>Aury marched to Hubbard’s quarters with a body of armed men and demanded concessions from Hubbard and Irwin, who were short of troops and bereft of funds. They appealed for financial aid, but Aury refused, unless he have supreme command of both civil and military government. When Hubbard and Irwin protested his terms, Aury threatened to leave the island. Realizing they had nothing to gain by opposing him, a compromise was reached and they made an alliance with the Frenchman: Aury would be commander-in-chief of military and naval forces, Irwin his adjutant general, and Hubbard the civil governor of Amelia. The flag of the revolutionary republic of Mexico, not yet independent, was raised over Fort San Carlos. Thus Amelia Island was dubiously annexed to Mexico on September 21, 1817.</p><br>
<h3>Adams-Onis Treaty transfers Florida to the United States</h3><br>
<p>The new government of Fernandina was short-lived. According to Lloyds of London, Aurys commissioned privateers captured more than $500,000 worth of Spanish goods in two months. They preyed on Spanish vessels carrying slaves, most of whom were smuggled into Georgia after being captured. These activities threatened the negotiations concerning the cession of Florida and in response President Monroe sent forces to retake Amelia on October 31. After a contentious exchange of communications with representatives of the president, Aury realized his position was untenable and surrendered the island to Commodore J.D. Henley and Major James Bankhead on December 23, 1817. Aury remained over two months as an unwelcome guest; Bankhead occupied Fernandina and held it "in trust" for Spain. Although angered by USA interference at Fort San Carlos, Spain did cede Florida in 1821. The proclamation of the Adams-Onis Treaty on February 22, 1821, two years after its signing, officially transferred East Florida and what remained of West Florida to the United States. The USA Army made little use of the fort and soon abandoned it.</p><br>
<h3>Town of Fernandina moves</h3><br>
<p>In 1853 the town of Fernandina moved about a mile further south when David Levy Yulee chartered his Florida Railroad line, the first cross-state railroad in Florida. Fernandina was to be the eastern terminus, but Yulee declared the rails could not cross the salt-marsh to Old Town; in fact, the land area of Old Town was insufficient to support Yulees vision of building the Manhattan of the South. His company began construction in 1855, and the original site of Fernandina, the one-time smugglers den and freebooter haven, lapsed into quiet obscurity. The original Spanish town plan and regular street grid, with many of the Spanish street names, remain.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, the local militia of the Confederate Army occupied Fort San Carlos. Archaeologists estimate that two-thirds of the area formerly occupied by Fort San Carlos has disappeared through erosion by the Amelia River. Traces of earthworks and the former parade grounds can be found along Estrada Street.</p><br>
<p>Sandakphu or Sandakfu or Sandakpur  is the highest peak in the district of Ilam, Nepal and West Bengal, India. It is the highest point of the Singalila Ridge in Darjeeling district on the West Bengal-Nepal border. The peak is located at the edge of the Singalila National Park and has a small village on the summit with a few hostels. Four of the five highest peaks in the world, Everest, Kangchenjunga, Lhotse and Makalu can be seen from its summit. It also affords a pristine view of the entire Kangchenjunga Range.</p><br>
<h2>Trekking</h2><br>
<h3>Nepal</h3><br>
<p>The trekking starts from Ilam Bazar via Mai Pokhari, Maimajhuwa, Mabu, Kala Pokhri Bikhe Bhyanjyang to Sandakpur. And also from ilam Bazar via sulubung, jamuna, hangetham (special for birds like spiny babbler, blue tit etc), piple, kalipokhari, bikhe vanjyang to sandakpur. In this treaking route jamuna is most valuable for trekkers. There was a many beautiful places like dhap pokhari, choyatar (special for red panda). There was a three jungle hile samudayik ban, choyatar samudayik ban, hangetham samudayik ban.</p><br>
<h4>India</h4><br>
<p>The trek along the Singalila Ridge to Sandakphu and Phalut is one of the most popular ones in the Eastern Himalayas due to the grand vistas of the Kangchenjunga range and the Everest range which can be seen from the ridge, and also for the seasonal wildflower blooms and birding. Treks begin at Manebhanjan which is 28 km (approx. 1 hour by road) from Darjeeling.</p><br>
<h4>Ascent</h4><br>
<p>The trekking routes inside the Singalila National Park have four legs or stages.</p><br>
<p>Manebhanjan to Meghma (2600 m): This is a 4-hour trek through the lower forest. The route goes via Chitre.</p><br>
<p>Meghma to Gairibans (2621 m): There are two alternative trekking routes. They respectively go via Tonglu (3070 m) and Tumling (2900 m). From Tumling, a shorter trail cuts through Nepal and Jaubari (2750 m).Jaubari is ward no 07 of jamuna VDC ilam.</p><br>
<p>Gairibans to Sandakphu (3636 m):</p><br>
<p>Sandakphu to Phalut (3600 m): It is a one-day trek via Sabarkum (3536 m) covering 21 km.</p><br>
<h4>Descent</h4><br>
<p>Retracing the way back to Manebhanjan.</p><br>
<p>A steep descent to the village of Sirikhola on the banks of the River Sirikhola, via Gurdum (2300 m), and from there to Rimbick.</p><br>
<p>Panorama of Peaks seen from Sandakphu and Phalut</p><br>
<p>Baruntse ( 7220m ), Chamlang ( 7319m ), Chomo Lonzo ( 7818m ), Lhotse ( 8516m ), Machhapuchhare ( 6993m ), Makalu ( 8462m ), Mount Everest ( 8850m ), Nuptse ( 7861m ), Kanchenjunga ( 8586m ), Talung ( 7349m ), Rathong ( 6679m ), Kabru N ( 7353m ), Koktang ( 6147m ), Simvo ( 6812m ), Frey ( 5853m ), Kabru S ( 7318m ), Kabru Dome ( 6600m ), Kabru Forked ( 6100m ), Pandim ( 6691m ), Tenchenkhang ( 6010m ), Jupono ( 5650m )</p><br>
<p>Villages At Glance: Gorkhey, Bhareng, Gairibas, Meghma, Maneybhanjyang, Rammam, Srikhola, Sepi, Molley, Gurdum</p><br>
<p>Mount Daniel is the highest summit on the Cascade Range crest of Alpine Lakes Wilderness of the central Washington, USA. It is the highest point in King and Kittitas counties. Streams on its eastern slopes form the headwaters of the Cle Elum River.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Daniel&#39;s volcanic rock is composed of andesite, dacite, and rhyolite inflows, breccia, and tuff. Volcanic sandstone is interbedded. Just west of Mount Daniel is the Mount Hinman plutonic stock.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>From most vantages Mount Daniel appears to be a triple-crowned mass, but five summits can be identified.</p><br>
<p>West Summit (7,960 ft)</p><br>
<p>Middle Summit (7,959 ft)</p><br>
<p>East Peak (7,899 ft)</p><br>
<p>West Pyramid (7,880 ft)</p><br>
<p>Northwest Summit (7,686 ft)</p><br>
<p>These elevations are based on Sea Level Datum of 1929 and are taken from the Mount Daniels 7.5 minute topographic map which was published in 1965. The United States Board on Geographic Names has assigned the name Mount Daniel to the east peak even though it is not the highest.</p><br>
<h2>Glaciers</h2><br>
<p>Mount Daniel supports several glaciers, the largest of which is Lynch Glacier on the northwest slope of the mountain. Lynch Glacier extends from 7,800 ft to 6,220 ft, where it melts into Pea Soup Lake, draining to the East Fork Foss River. The West Lynch Glacier hangs from the north slope of the Northwest Peak of Mount Daniel. West Lynch Glacier was formerly connected to Lynch Glacier. On the north side of the ridge between the Middle Summit and East Peak is another glacier with the tentative name of Daniel Glacier. It is partially connected to Lynch Glacier. Daniel Glacier is losing mass and was once much larger. Several small remnants, now just perennial snow accumulations rather than living glaciers, are located east of Daniel Glacier. On the southeast side of Mount Daniel, nested against a cirque headwall, is the Hyas Creek Glacier, an isolated and small ice mass that was once much larger. It drains to Hyas Creek and Peggy&#39;s Pond. All the glaciers on Mount Daniel are thinning and becoming stagnant. West Lynch Glacier is expected to disappear in the near future.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first known ascent of Mount Daniel was by The Mountaineers 1925 outing, but it is likely that surveyors had already ascended Daniel. The 1925 party climbed via Lynch Glacier.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing Route</h2><br>
<p>The standard route to the summit starts at Salmon La Sac, passes Cathedral Rock (shown right), Peggy&#39;s Pond, and then is a scramble up to summit.</p><br>
<p>Aberdeen Country Park is located on the south end of Hong Kong Island near the area called Aberdeen, Hong Kong. Much of the south side of the island is underdeveloped and retains more of the rural feel that predominated on the island before it was settled by the British. The park extends to Wan Chai Gap on the north.</p><br>
<p>The 4.23 square kilometre country park opened in 1931. Like other country parks of Hong Kong, Aberdeen is based on land surrounding reservoirs, in this case the Upper and Lower Reservoirs. The reservoirs were completed in 1932. Designated in 1977, Aberdeen Country Park is one of the oldest country parks in Hong Kong.The scenery of the park can be appreciated from Peak Road and Guildford Road.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>This is essentially an area of volcanic rocks of the Repulse Bay Formation formed during the Lower and Middle Jurassic Period.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>As in Tai Tam Country Park, most of the trees in the Aberdeen Country Park area suffered ravages during the Second World War and the Japanese occupation. The now well-shaded woods are mainly the result of post war re-afforestation as well as natural regeneration of many of the broad-leafed species. The dominant trees in the park are the Brisbane box, schima, gordonia, ivy tree and rose myrtle.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The woods in the area are frequented by birds, and are especially a favourite of the black-eared kite which can be seen flying around the two reservoirs. Other birds frequenting the area are the greater coucal, hwamei, magpie-robin, magpie, crested mynah and kingfisher. Occasionally visitors may also catch a glimpse of the pangolin or squirrel.</p><br>
<p>Mount Russell is one of the major peaks of the central Alaska Range, approximately 35 mi  southwest of Denali. Though much lower than Denali or its neighbor Mount Foraker, Russell is a steep, dramatic peak and a significant mountaineering challenge in its own right. To give a sense of its size and steepness, note that its summit rises 6,560 ft  over the Chedotlothna Glacier to the northwest in only 1.8 mi , and almost 10,000 ft  above the lower Yentna Glacier to the south in only 8 mi .</p><br>
<p>Mount Russell is the highest point in the Kuskokwim River watershed.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent of Mount Russell was made on May 28, 1962 by a party led by Hellmut Raithel. The summit party comprised Klaus Ekkerlein, Robert Goodwin, and Peter Hennig. They ascended the West Face from the Chedotlothna Glacier. The second ascent was in July 1972, by Thomas Kensler, Peter Brown, John Hauck, Dick Jablonowski, and Dan Osborne. That ascent proceeded via the now-standard North Ridge route, from the high basin of the upper Yentna Glacier to the northeast of the peak. This route is rated at Alaska Grade 2+, and is made much shorter by the feasibility of landing at around 8,000 feet in the basin, just outside the wilderness portion of the park.</p><br>
<p>Overshadowed as it is by its larger neighbors, Mount Russell had seen only six recorded ascents by 2001. However guided climbs of the peak are available.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<p>The Fort Worth Botanic Garden  is a botanical garden located at 3220 Botanic Garden Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas. The garden was established in 1934 and is the oldest botanic garden in Texas, with 2,501 species of native and exotic plants in its 21 specialty gardens. It is open daily. An admission fee is charged for the Conservatory and Japanese Garden; the other gardens are free.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>In addition to wooded areas, major garden features include:</p><br>
<p>Back Yard Vegetable Garden - Vegetable garden that hosts many educational programs.</p><br>
<p>Conservatory (10,000 square feet) - tropical displays of orchids, bromeliads, and trees.</p><br>
<p>Four Seasons Garden - Hundreds of iris, daylily, and chrysanthemum varieties.</p><br>
<p>Fragrance Garden - small garden build for the seeing impaired with fragrant plants and fountain.</p><br>
<p>Fuller Garden - pathways and lawn; site for weddings and garden parties.</p><br>
<p>Japanese Garden (7 acres; established 1973) - the Fort Worth Japanese Garden, with three koi ponds, waterfalls, bridges, teahouse, pagodas, pavilions, zen garden, cherry trees, and Japanese maples.</p><br>
<p>Lower Rose Garden - rose garden inspired by Villa Lante (Italy).</p><br>
<p>Native Texas Boardwalk - A raised path through the trees with educational information along the way.</p><br>
<p>Oval Rose Garden - hundreds of roses; renovated 2002.</p><br>
<p>Perennial Garden - perennials with culinary herb collection, as well as ponds and small waterfall.</p><br>
<p>Rock Springs - Elevated pathways, and bridges over ponds and streams.</p><br>
<p>Trial Garden - evaluation site for hundreds of species of perennials.</p><br>
<p>Water Conservation Garden - demonstration xeriscape garden.</p><br>
<p>Water Wise Entrance - entry garden with agave, Texas sage, salvia greggii, Mexican Bush sage, red yucca and Esparanza.</p><br>
<p>The garden also contains a Begonia Species Bank, established and operated to prevent the loss of begonia species, it is the largest begonia collection in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Little Hart Crag is a fell in the Lake District area of England. It stands at the head of Scandale, six kilometres north of Ambleside, at a height of 637 metres . It is an eastern outlier of Dove Crag in the Eastern Fells, although it does have 34 metres of prominence from that fell making it both a Hewitt and a Nuttall fell. It is frequently climbed as part of the Dovedale horseshoe, an 11 kilometre walk over the neighbouring fells of Hartsop above How, Hart Crag, Dove Crag and High Hartsop Dodd, starting and finishing at Brothers Water.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Little Hart Crag is composed of grassy slopes on its eastern slopes above the Scandale Pass, with the tiny Scandale Tarn tucked in a hollow in the hill. To the east it drops steeply into Caiston Glen. On its west side it is connected to Dove Crag by the boggy hollow of Bakestone Moss and to the north east a ridge falls away towards Patterdale going over High Hartsop Dodd before dropping steeply to the valley. The fell is craggy on its northern side as the crags of Black Brow fall into Dovedale.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit is an outcrop of Middle Dodd Dacite, the underlying rock being volcaniclastic sandstone.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The summit is of interest, there being two distinct tops about 100 metres apart, both of whom are rocky. The western top is the higher and is marked by a cairn, while the eastern one is more shapely but a few metres lower and has quartzite set into its rocks. The view from the top of the fell is restricted by higher fells, but it does give the opportunity of studying the crags of Dove Crag and Red Screes in detail.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Little Hart Crag is nearly always climbed in conjunction with other adjacent fells, there being no feasible direct ascent although it can be climbed from Patterdale via the top of the Scandale Pass. The most direct route from Patterdale starts at Brothers Water and firstly ascends High Hartsop Dodd before continuing to the summit of Little Hart Crag. Also from Patterdale the fell can also be climbed in conjunction with Red Screes or Dove Crag and even Fairfield.</p><br>
<p>Túcume is a pre-Hispanic site in Peru, south of the La Leche River on a plain around La Raya Mountain. It covers an area of over 540 acre and encompassing 26 major pyramids and mounds. The area is referred to as Purgatorio  by local people.</p><br>
<p>This site was a major regional center, maybe even the capital of the successive occupations of the area by the Lambayeque/Sican (800-1350 AD), Chimú (1350–1450 AD) and Inca (1450–1532 AD). Local shaman healers (curanderos) invoke power of Tucume and La Raya Mountain in their rituals, and local people fear these sites. Hardly anyone other than healers venture out in this site at night.</p><br>
<p>The vast plains of Túcume are part of the Lambayeque region, the largest valley of the north coast of Peru. The Lambayeque Valley is the site of scores of natural and man-made waterways and is also a region of about 250 decaying brick pyramids.</p><br>
<p>Maesbury Castle is an Iron Age hill fort within the parish of Croscombe on the Mendip Hills, just north of Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England. It has been listed as Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<p>The name is derived from maes, meaning field or plain in Brythonic Welsh,</p><br>
<p>and burh, meaning fort in Old English. There is also a record of the name Merksburi in 705 AD, meaning boundary fort. The area was a boundary between the Romano-British Celts and West Saxons during the period 577-652 AD, when the nearby Wansdyke fortification comprised part of the border.</p><br>
<p>The enclosure has an area of 2.5 hectare, and lies at a height of 292 m (950 ft), with views in many directions. This includes the Somerset Levels to Glastonbury Tor and Brent Knoll which are the closest and probably the most easily identifiable landmarks from the site. The fort has a single rampart up to 6 m high, with an outer ditch (univallate). Entrances are to the south-east and north-east (with possible outworks).</p><br>
<p>The Fort and surrounding grounds are now owned by the Stevens&#39; Family who have been farming in Somerset for over 60 years.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction."</p><br>
<p>The site rises to 292 m above sea level and enables a view over the surrounding valleys and hills. The hill has not eroded as fast as the surrounding limestone as it is made of Old Red Sandstone deposited in the Devonian period approximately 400 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>Speedwell Ironworks was an ironworks in Speedwell Village, on Speedwell Avenue , just North of Morristown, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. At this site Alfred Vail and Samuel Morse first demonstrated the electric telegraph. Speedwell Ironworks also provided most of the machinery for the SS Savannah, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Situated at a natural gorge of the Whippany River, several hydraulic powered forges existed, predating the establishment of the ironworks by Stephen Vail and two business partners. Vail became sole owner of the works in 1815 and expanded it, producing a variety of agricultural and industrial machinery. The ironworks innovated the first durable iron tire for railroad locomotives in January 1836. With changing industrial trends and a decline in the flow of the Whippany River, the ironworks were shut down in 1873, its equipment being sold to ironworks in Brooklyn, Coatbridge, Scotland. The remains of the factory buildings burned in 1908, and the few surviving walls and foundations remain unrestored.</p><br>
<p>Stephen Vail also bought an adjacent 40 acre lot to which he eventually retreated in 1844 for an active retirement. The Vail Homestead or Speedwell Village, as it is now known, is the site of Historic Speedwell, a National Historic Landmark, part of the Morris county Park Commission. The site is set up as an open-air 19th century farm, complete with residential buildings, a granary and carriage house.</p><br>
<p>The museum includes nine buildings furnished to depict life at Speedwell during the early 19th century. The Vail House, a historic house museum restored to 1840s period style, possesses some original family furniture and Vail memorabilia. The Wheel House houses an operational 24 ft overshot waterwheel. The Granary displays hand-crafted wooden farm tools and ice-harvesting equipment. The Homestead Carriage House houses an exhibit on the SS Savannah, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, with an engine built at the Speedwell Ironworks, and an exhibit about the history of the ironworks. The Ford Cottage is a 19th-century saltbox cottage, the Moses Estey House is an 18th-century Georgian mansion, and the early 19th century L&#39;Hommedieu-Gwinnup House houses changing exhibits and education space.</p><br>
<h2>Telegraph</h2><br>
<p>Of particular interest is the old, a National Historic Landmark, which Stephen Vail had constructed for hobby purposes upon his retirement. It is the site of the first public demonstration of the electric telegraph on January 11, 1838. Although Morse and Alfred Vail had done most of the research and development in the ironworks facilities, they chose the factory house as the demonstration site. Without the repeater, the range of the telegraph was limited to two miles (3 km), and the inventors had pulled two miles (3 km) of wires inside the factory house through an elaborate scheme. The first public transmission was witnessed by a mostly local crowd.</p><br>
<p>The Speedwell Village was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974, preserving seven buildings.</p><br>
<p>Sun Yat Sen Park  is an urban park in Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau, China. The park is named for the founding father of the Republic of China, Dr Sun Yat Sen.</p><br>
<p>The park is a 70,000 square meters (17.3 acres) urban park located in northern Macau in Our Lady of Fatima Parish along the border with Zhuhai, Mainland China. The park is located next to Canal dos Patos, but access to the former canal is closed off, and Barrier Gate. It was originally called Canal Dos Patos Park to commemorate the friendship between China and Portugal in 1987. The park is one of forty three parks in the world to bear this name.</p><br>
<p>The park features:</p><br>
<p>* old gate that marked the entrance to Macau from the mainland</p><br>
<p>* aviary</p><br>
<p>* Victorian greenhouse</p><br>
<p>* flower gardens</p><br>
<p>* feng shui forest</p><br>
<p>* swimming pool</p><br>
<p>* playground</p><br>
<p>* multi use sports fields</p><br>
<p>Swimming Pool at Jardim Municipal Dr. Sun Yat Sen.jpg|Swimming Pool</p><br>
<p>New Wong Ieng Kuen Library at Jardim Municipal Dr. Sun Yat Sen.jpg|Wong Ieng Kuen Library</p><br>
<p>Forever handshake.jpg|Forever Handshake</p><br>
<h2>Public library</h2><br>
<p>The Macao Public Library Wong Ieng Kuan Library in Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Municipal Park (Biblioteca de Wong Ieng Kuan no Parque Dr. Sun Yat Sen; 紀念孫中山公園黃營均圖書館) occupies 459 sqm of space in a former restaurant in the park. One of several created with funding by Chinese Peruvian Wong Ieng Kuan (黃營均), it opened in a separate building in the park in 1996 and moved to its current building on 24 January 2014.</p><br>
<p>Mendeleyeva  is a stratovolcano located in the southern part of Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia.</p><br>
<p>The dominantly andesitic-dacitic volcano is cut by two nested calderas, the larger 6–7 km in diameter and the smaller 3-3.5 km. A central cone that formed inside the younger caldera was breached to the west by a large debris avalanche about 4200 years ago. A lava dome that grew inside the avalanche scarp forms the 888 m high point of the volcano. Additional lava domes in the northern part of the older caldera are considered to represent flank activity of the younger caldera.</p><br>
<p>The only unambiguous historical eruption was a small phreatic eruption in 1880. Four solfatara fields lie at the eastern and northern flanks of the central cone. Goriachy Pliazh geothermal field is located outside the caldera, along the eastern coast.</p><br>
<p>S. Francisco Garden  is a floral garden on Rua de Santa Clara in Macau, China.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The S. Francisco Garden is the oldest garden in Macau. The history of the garden goes back nearly four centuries. In 1580, a convent stood at the site now occupied by the garden. The convent was built by Castilian friars of the Franciscan order. The builders of the convent were supplanted by Portuguese friars five years later. But the name of the Castilian friars remains closely associated with the place even today: The garden continues to be referred to by its Chinese name &#39;Ka-Si-Lán-Fa-Yun&#39;, meaning &#39;Garden of the Castilians&#39;.</p><br>
<h2>Changes</h2><br>
<p>The garden has undergone some changes down the years. The most significant of the changes took place in the 1920s, when the wave of modernization also impacted the garden. A new road,the Rua de Sta Clara, was built right through the garden, bisecting it. The garden iconic bandstand was demolished. The garden, however, still managed to salvage its character. One of the oldest features of the garden that still survive are the old arches near the Quartel de S. Francisco wall. The ancient giant trees still stand.</p><br>
<h2>The Garden Today</h2><br>
<p>There is an octagonal pavilion of Chinese architecture on the lower level of the garden. Amazingly, this small building is one of Macau&#39;s busiest libraries. The garden also retains most of the beautiful balustrade that goes around it. The balusters also serve as support for the railing of the stairs that join the lower level of the garden to the upper level. On this level the garden features a tower built by the Portuguese military to honour World War I war heroes. Once a military barracks (now used as office for the Secretariat for Security) and officers club, the grounds are now a garden and home to the Association for the Handicapped.</p><br>
<p>Rasshua , is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean, 16 km from Ushishir and 30 km southwest of Matua. Its name is derived from the Ainu language for “fur coat”.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Rasshua is roughly oval, with a length of 15.5 km with a width of 6.5 km, and an area of 63.2 km&sup2;. The island is a complex stratovolcano with three overlapping central cones within a 6 kilometer caldera whose eastern margin is beyond the shoreline. The island has five small fresh water lakes, and numerous hot springs.</p><br>
<p>Rasshua Peak (влк. Расшуа, Horochachanobori-yama), in the west of the island is the island’s highest point at 956 m. The peak has not erupted in historic times, although it emits quantities of volcanic gas and its sides are streaked with sulfur deposits.</p><br>
<p>The easternmost cone (Chōtōzan; (гора Циото) with a height of 503 m, violently erupted in 1846. The only other known historical eruption produced weak explosions in 1957. Active fulmaroles are found in the eastern crater and in the saddle between the two summit cones. It had a mild eruption on February 6, 2013.</p><br>
<h3>Major features</h3><br>
<p>Ozero Beloye (lake)</p><br>
<p>Ozero Tikhoye (lake)</p><br>
<p>Maul (mountain)</p><br>
<p>Rasshua (volcano)</p><br>
<p>Serp (mountain)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rasshua was inhabited by the Ainu, at the time of European contact, and the remains of over 40 dwellings have been discovered. The island appears on an official map showing the territories of Matsumae Domain, a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644, and these holdings were officially confirmed by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1715. Subsequently, claimed by the Empire of Russia, sovereignty initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda, but was returned to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril islands. At this time, the remaining Ainu inhabitants (eight families) were forcibly relocated to Shikotan, and the island became uninhabited. The island was formerly administered as part of Shimushiru District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the island came under the control of the Soviet Union, and is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>Ushishir  is an uninhabited volcanic island located in the centre of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language for "hot spring".</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Ushishir consists of two islets connected by a narrow spit of land with an area of 5 km²</p><br>
<p>These islets are the tops of a partially submerged volcano. The southern island, Yankicha (Янкича ), consists of the summit caldera and has a maximum width of 2.5 km. The caldera has a diameter of 1.6 km, and is breached on the south, forming a sea-water crater bay. The bay has an estimated depth of 30 m, and there is strong evidence of ongoing underwater volcanic activity, as evidenced by frequent bubbles, altered water chemistry and the presence of bacteria mats. Two small lava domes for small islands in the central lagoon, and numerous fumaroles and hot springs are along the southeast caldera shoreline. The island’s highest point Mikasayama is 401 m high, and is on the eastern shore.</p><br>
<p>The northern islet (Ryponkicha o. Рыпонкча ) is the larger of the two, and consists of a portion of the volcano’s flank, with sheer cliffs rising up 131 m from the sea.</p><br>
<p>Ushishir is still an active volcano with the last known eruption in 1884.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>In the spring and summer some of the largest colonies of crested and whiskered auklet in the Kuril Islands are found on the island; least auklet also nest here.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ushishir had no permanent habitation prior to European contact, but was visited in summer by the Ainu tribes from Rasshua, who regarded the island as a sacred land, which they identified as the home of the thunder god. Remains of Ainu huts have been found on the northern slopes of Yankicha’s crater bay. Claimed by the Empire of Russia, sovereignty over Ushishir was passed to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril Islands. Approaches to the island are difficult due to frequent fogs, rapid ocean currents and the presence of numerous small offshore rocks. The island was formerly administered as part of Shimushiro District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō. After World War II, the island came under the control of the Soviet Union, and is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The Union Depot and Atlantic Coast Line Freight Station  is a historic site in Live Oak, Florida, United States. It is located at 208 North Ohio Avenue, on the corner of Haines Street Northeast. The station was built at one of two junctions of an Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and Seaboard Air Line Railroad lines. The two railroads merged in 1967 to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. On April 24, 1986, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. Today, only the former SAL line survives.</p><br>
<p>The Suwannee County Historical Museum is located in the depot. Exhibits include a telephone display, a 16th-century Timucaun Indian Village recreation and local history artifacts. The station is one block south of the Old Live Oak City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Kansas City Live Stock Exchange was the headquarters of the Kansas City Stockyards. It is located at 1600 Gennesse in Kansas City, Missouri, in the West Bottoms. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is owned by Bill Haw.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building, which began construction in 1909 and was completed in 1911, was the largest livestock exchange building in the world. In 1957, a one story addition was constructed on the south side of the building for the Golden Ox restaurant which had opened in the building in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The building has been renovated and currently serves as an office building with numerous business and personal services, including but not limited to, a coffee shop that also serves breakfast and lunch, barber/stylist, a health club including a masseuse, and a USA Post Office (the post office closed as of December 2008.)</p><br>
<p>The Burn Brae Plantation-Krueger House is a historic house in Stuart, Martin County, Florida. It is located at 1170 South East Ocean Boulevard. On February 14, 2002, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>Burn Brae Plantation—Krueger House</p><br>
<p>(added 2002 - Building - #02000002)</p><br>
<p>1170 South East Ocean Blvd., Stuart</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Other</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1875-1899</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Domestic</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Single Dwelling</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Vacant/Not In Use (2007 Single Dwelling- Private)</p><br>
<p>The George F. Allison House is a historic house located at 418 West Duval Street in Live Oak, Florida, United States. It is locally significant as the home of George F. Allison, who was a pioneering Live Oak businessman during the city&#39;s formative commercial years as well as being a fine example of Colonial Revival architecture in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Although the actual construction date and builder of the house are not known, the house is shown on a 1903 Sanborn Insurance map. The large, two-story, Colonial Revival style house was given its present appearance when it was remodeled in 1927 after 40% of the rear was damaged by a fire on New Years Day. Since then, however, very little about the house or the surrounding lot has change. On April 20, 1995, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Florida Pioneer Museum is a historic site in Florida City, Florida, United States. It was founded in 1962 with the donation of Indian artifacts by Dr. Herbert S. Zim and tools by a group of civic minded women. On August 14, 1973, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Museums building is located in the old Homestead Florida East Coast Railroad station agents home that was built in 1904. The house was moved to the current location in the mid-1960s to serve as a museum about the local area. The land the building sits on was donated by Henry and Jacqueline Brooker. Henry was an early settler, homesteading west of the present city of Florida City in 1907. His wife, Jacqueline, was the daughter of Bryan H. Edwards, an early mayor of Florida City. The depot building behind the museum was saved by Jack Levy and other local history buffs as the bulldozers were starting to tear it down where it was originally located on N. Flagler Ave. in Homestead. The FEC and the City of Homestead had gotten into an argument over grounds maintenance so the FEC proceeded to demolish the building. It was then moved to its present site in Florida City in 1976, on land donated by the Torcise family. The building was leveled to the platform by Hurricane Andrew in 1992, and the Museum aided in the reconstruction of the building by supplying copies of the original drawings from the Florida East Coast Railway. The Depot is not part of the Museum; it is owned by the City of Florida City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Florida East Coast Railway erected two bungalow buildings that were constructed in 1904 as the first buildings in the City of Homestead. Both building were residential, and were built for the section foremen and station agent. The homes were built two years before construction began by the Florida East Coast Railway in the area. Henry M. Flagler, an early settler of South Florida, designed the homes in the Philippine style to be well-suited for the South Florida climate.</p><br>
<p>On February 6, 1964, the house was moved to Florida City to land that was donated by Henry and Jackie Brooker Jr. Henry&#39;s father was one of the three men who first took residence in Florida City in 1911-1912. This move ensured the continued existence of the structure as it became the home of the Florida Pioneer Museum.</p><br>
<p>The community identified a need for a center to house a growing collection of local artifacts, and through the assistance of the Homestead Women&#39;s Club, the Pioneer Museum was created in this structure. Louise Hamilton was the founding president of the Pioneer Museum with Bea Peskoe as Vice President until they stepped down in 1970. The collection housed in the museum started with a donation from Herbert S. Zim, author of the Golden Nature Guides, of Native American aftifacts. Other donors provided archaeological relics, shells, pioneer tools and implements, railroad memorabilia, household items, and other items owned and used by various local pioneer families. On August 14, 1973, the structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, after years of allowing the dilapidation of the train depot on the original Homestead property, the Florida East Coast Railway planned a demolition of the depot. A group of local leaders raised $25,000 to stop the demplition and move the depot to the property behind the Florida Pioneer Museum. Another $200,000 was put into the restoration of the depot in 1988. Unfortunately, Hurricane Andrew leveled the depot in 1992. The current train depot on the property is a replica of the original.</p><br>
<p>The Museum is now owned by the City of Florida City and operated by the Florida Pioneer Museum Association.</p><br>
<p>The Martello Gallery-Key West Art and Historical Museum , is a historic site located at 3501 South Roosevelt Boulevard, Key West, Florida, United States. On June 19, 1972, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. It is the best-preserved example of the Martello style of military architecture in the country.</p><br>
<h2>Fort East Martello Museum & Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The site is now known as the Fort East Martello Museum & Gardens, and features exhibits of local history and art. Displays include early settlement, sponging and fishing, Cuban influence, military involvement, writers and other characters. The museum notably houses Robert the Doll, a supposedly haunted doll belonging to the late artist Robert Eugene Otto. The museum also features works by folk artist Mario Sanchez, and art created from junk by Stanley Papio.</p><br>
<p>The Key West Art & Historical Society operates the museum.</p><br>
<p>Beaverhill Lake  is a large lake in central Alberta, Canada. It is a site of regional importance in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. It is managed by the Canadian Wildlife Service division of Environment Canada.</p><br>
<p>It is located 70 km southeast of Edmonton, near the town of Tofield, and lies in the hydrographic basin of North Saskatchewan River.</p><br>
<p>As recently as 1990, the lake had a total area of 139 km² and a maximum depth of only 2.3 m. Like similar "prairie pothole" lakes, Beaverhill lake has receded significantly in recent years, losing about one quarter of its depth between 1999 and 2009.</p><br>
<p>The lake is an important bird habitat, and has been designated as a "National Nature Viewpoint" by Nature Canada (formerly known as the Canadian Nature Federation) in 1981. The Beaverhill Natural Area was established in 1987 to protect the lake and its surrounding area. Beaverhill Lake Heritage Rangeland Natural Area is also established on what were the shores of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Beaverhill Lake Group, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin was named for this lake.</p><br>
<p>The Toquima Range is a mountain range, located primarily in Nye County with a small extension into Lander County, in Nevada, United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range reaches a maximum elevation of 11,949 feet  at the southern summit of Mount Jefferson. From Hickison Summit on U.S. Route 50, the range runs for approximately 71 miles  to the south-southwest. To its west are Big Smoky Valley, scenic State Route 376, and the large Toiyabe Range. To the east are remote Monitor Valley and the Monitor Range. Lying to the south of the range are U.S. Route 6  and the community of Tonopah, while to the north is U.S. Route 50 , leading to the small community of Austin.</p><br>
<p>The high central section of the Toquima Range is a large area of subalpine tundra surrounding the three summits of Mount Jefferson. This section of the range is protected as the Alta Toquima Wilderness Area.</p><br>
<p>South of this area are the historic mining district of Manhattan, Spanish Peak (10,746 ft, 3275 m), and Shoshone Mountain (10,907 ft, 3324 m). To the north are Wildcat Peak (10,507 ft, 3202 m) and White Rock Mountain (10,156 ft, 3095 m).</p><br>
<p>The Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall is an historic building located at 1101 Massachusetts Avenue in St. Cloud, Florida, in the United States. The city of St. Cloud had been founded by the Grand Army of the Republic or GAR, as a retirement colony for its members. The hall was built in 1914 by members of the GAR as a memorial to the Union Army veterans of the Civil War. It was one of many such halls built in the country. On February 21, 1997, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall ** (added 1997 - Building - #97000097)</p><br>
<p>Also known as G.A.R. Memorial Hall</p><br>
<p>1101 Massachusetts Ave., St. Cloud</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Chessman, M.W.</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Early Commercial</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture, Community Planning And Development, Social History</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1900-1924, 1925–1949</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Social</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Meeting Hall</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Commerce/Trade, Recreation And Culture</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Museum, Professional</p><br>
<h2>Meetings</h2><br>
<p>The hall was the meeting place of the Lucius L. Mitchell GAR Post No. 34, which was named for the first Union veteran to die in the St. Cloud colony, and which was one of 34 GAR posts in Florida. It is now the meeting place of the Lucius L Mitchell Camp No. 4 of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, the successor organization to the Grand Army of the Republic.</p><br>
<p>The Desert Inn and Restaurant  is a historic site in Yeehaw Junction, Florida, United States. It is located at 5570 South Kenansville Road, next to SR 60. On January 3, 1994, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the spot was originally named "Jackass Crossing," a reference to the burros that ranchers rode to Desert Inn.</p><br>
<p>As early as 1889, the Desert Inn was a bar room and brothel for cowboys and lumber workers. The Desert Inn also didn&#39;t install full-service water and electricity till 1978.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the years, the Desert Inn has been a trading post, gas station, and dance hall. In 1994, after being added to the National Register of Historic Places, the unused rooms about the restaurant were converted into a modest museum that featured a bordello suite with red carpet, lace pillows and a swing.</p><br>
<p>Cosigüina  is a stratovolcano located in the western part of Nicaragua. It forms a large peninsula extending into the Gulf of Fonseca. The summit is truncated by a large caldera, 2 x 2.4 km in diameter and 500 m deep, holding a substantial crater lake . This cone has grown within an earlier caldera, forming a somma volcano. The earlier caldera rim is still exposed on the north side, but has been buried by the younger cone elsewhere.</p><br>
<h2>Activity</h2><br>
<p>The volcano last erupted in 1859, but its most famous activity occurred on January 20, 1835, when it produced the largest historical eruption in Nicaragua. Ash from the 1835 eruption has been found in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Jamaica. According to an analysis by Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature, the 1835 eruption caused a temporary decrease in the average land temperature of Earth of about 0.75 degrees C.</p><br>
<p>It has not erupted since 1859, only an instant in terms of geological time. An earthquake swarm was measured near Cosigüina in 2002, indicating that tectonic forces are still active in the region although the volcano is somewhat isolated from the line of more recently active Central American volcanoes to the northwest and southeast. The only indicators of hydrothermal activity at the volcano are intermittently observed gas bubbles in Laguna Cosigüina and a hot spring along the eastern flank of the volcano. The fairly uniform vegetation cover on the volcano’s sides also attests to a general lack of gas emissions or “hot spots” on the 872-meter-high cone.</p><br>
<p>Calf Crag is a fell in the English Lake District, on the eastern side of the High Raise massif.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The spine of the Central Fells runs on a north–south axis with the high point at High Raise. A complex system of daleheads to the east of this apex resolves itself into Calf Crag, a broad-topped ridge featuring a number of rocky tops.</p><br>
<p>Calf Crag is bounded by Wythburndale to the north and by its upper gathering grounds to the west. Far Easedale lies to the south while the head of Greenburn forms the eastern face, both of these sides being craggy. The Wyth Burn flows north east into Thirlmere while Far Easedale Gill and Green Burn descend to the River Rothay and ultimately to Windermere. Calf Crag thus stands on the main north-south watershed of the Lakeland Fells.</p><br>
<p>The summit plateau, about a mile across, sends two narrow eastern ridges to the north and south of Greenburn Bottom. The former leads to Steel Fell, while the southern spur passes over Gibson Knott before ending at Helm Crag. Southwest from Calf Crag the ground rises over rocky terrain to Sergeant Man and High Raise, although this could hardly be termed a ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Much of Calf Crag is covered by Quaternary deposits although the summit knoll is an outcrop of the Lincomb Tarn Formation. This is composed of dacitic lapilli-tuff with andesite sills. The eastern crags at Pike of Carrs display the underlying Esk Pike Formation of volcaniclastic sandstone.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The summit is a rocky knoll with a small crag directly to the south. There is a tidy cairn although the patch of rushes noted by Wainwright is no longer in evidence. A tarn lies between here and a subsidiary top to the west.</p><br>
<p>The view is heavily restricted by higher fells westward, but there is a fine vista of the lake of Grasmere with the Helvellyn range rising behind. Paths on the fell follow the routes to Steel Fell, Gibson Knott and Sergeant Man. A bridleway over Greenup Edge (a section of the Coast to Coast Walk) passes southwest of the top as it leads from Borrowdale to Far Easedale.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Grasmere village is the most convenient starting point with approaches possible along either Far Easedale or Green Burn. The latter makes a direct assault up a grassy strip between Pike of Carrs and Rough Crag, while the Far Easedale route gains the ridge behind the summit. Beginning from the head of Thirlmere a way can also be made up Wythburndale, although this will involve a certain amount of bog-hopping.</p><br>
<p>Indirect climbs are popular as part of the Greenburn Horseshoe, also taking in Steel Fell, Gibson Knott and Helm Crag</p><br>
<p>Telica  is a stratovolcano, one of several volcanoes of the Nicaraguan volcanic front. It is located in Telica municipality, in the León department of Nicaragua. One of Nicaragua&#39;s most active volcanoes, Telica has erupted frequently, and ash from those frequent eruptions keeps the slopes of its cone bare of vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanism</h2><br>
<p>Telica has six cones, the tallest of which is 1061 meters high. There is a double crater at the top, 700 meters wide and 120 meters deep. Telica has erupted frequently since the Spanish Era. The most recent eruption was in 2015.</p><br>
<p>In terms of explosive force, Telica&#39;s largest eruption has been rated with a VEI of 4. That eruption occurred in 1529.</p><br>
<p>Telica became active in August 1999. An eruption produced ash-fall, and on 18 August a lava lake was observed in the summit crater. The ash eruptions continued until February 2000 and declined afterwards.</p><br>
<p>From 9 January to February 2007, small ash eruptions produced ash clouds reaching altitudes of 4900 ft (1.5 km).</p><br>
<p>In the afternoon of 7 May 2015, Telica increased its volcanic activity, with explosions and low-intensity earthquakes. These explosions produced gas emissions and volcanic ash. On the night of 10 May, the volcano let out a loud explosion and spewed fiery rocks and gases, dusting nearby towns with ash. The volcano has registered over 64 small eruptions since May 7, including an ash spew in León on September 23. No major damage or injuries were reported.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The general proximity to the city of León makes Telica a popular tourist attraction. Several tourism agencies offer the trek as a two-day tour. The trek is moderately strenuous, taking approximately 5 hours one-way.</p><br>
<p>High temperatures, lack of water access and trail markers make the hike slightly more difficult. Most hikes enter through the small town of San Jacinto, known for its bubbling mud pits and small geothermal electric generation plant.</p><br>
<p>Odlezly Lake  is the youngest lake in the Czech Republic. The lake and its surroundings is a protected natural area.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located near small village Odlezly and close to Kalec is an administrative part of village Žihle, under the hill Potvorovský (546 m). Two creeks discharge here: Mladotický and Odlezelský.</p><br>
<p>During May 25/May 26, 1872 heavy rain flooded the Mladotický creek. During night of May 27/May 28 the Permo-Carboniferous layers on west slope of the hill slipped and blocked the stream. The flooding was not the only reason of the landslide - structure of the hillside resulted in constant slow shift down, sandstone quarries used for centuries had lowered stability of the slope and the recently built railway Plzeň – Žatec cut yet another dent to the hill.</p><br>
<p>The landslide destroyed the railroad which got later rebuilt on the opposite side of the valley. Levee of large Mladotický pond (Mladotický rybník, few kilometers downstream, 90 hectares) was broken by the flooded stream; the pond was never rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>The lake has area of 4.5 hectares, length around 500 m and its width varies between 70–100 m. Its surface is 413 m above sea level. Depth was 7.7 m in 1972 and only 6.7 m in 1999 - the lake is slowly clogging up and without human intervention it would disappear within decades.</p><br>
<p>On March 7, 1975 the lake and its surroundings (68.3 hectares) were declared as protected natural area and the zone around it (31 hectares) is subject of restrictions.</p><br>
